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Selected Passages from Hungarian-Ottoman Wars between 1372-1699
  • About Me
  • Castles in the “Hungaries”
    • Transylvania
      • Saxon and Székely fortified churches
        • Alsóbajom
        • Alsórákos
        • Asszonyfalva
        • Barcarozsnyó castle and its fortified church
        • Baráthely, fortified church
        • Berethalom
        • Csíkdelne
        • Csíkménaság
        • Csíkszenttamás
        • Csíkkarcfalva
        • Csíkrákos
        • Enyed / Nagyenyed
        • Feketehalom
        • Fületelke
        • Gelence
        • Homoróddaróc
        • Jakabfalva
        • Kelnek
        • Kereszténysziget
        • Lesses
        • Mese
        • Miklósvár
        • Prázsmár
        • Sepsiszentgyörgy
      • Alvinc
      • Abafája
      • Almás / Váralmás castle
      • Aranyosmeggyes
      • Bálványos
      • Bonchida
      • Bethlenszentmiklós
      • Borosjenő
      • Bözödújfalu
      • Brassó
      • Bún
      • Csíkszereda
      • Déva
      • Doboka
      • Élesd, Sólyomkővár
      • Erdőd (Ardud)
      • Fogaras
      • Gyalu
      • Gyergyószárhegy
      • Gyergyószentmiklós
      • Gyimesbükk
      • Gyulafehérvár
      • Hadad
      • Hunyad
      • Karánsebes
      • Keresd
      • Keresztelőszentpál / Kerelőszentpál
      • Kolozsvár
      • Kőhalom
      • Küküllővár
      • Lugos
      • Marosillye
      • Marosvásárhely
      • Munkács
      • Nagybánya / Asszonypataka
      • Nagyszalonta
      • Nagyvárad
      • Nevicke
      • Nyírbátor
      • Radna and Óradna
      • Sárospatak
      • Regéc
      • Sebesvár
      • Segesvár
      • Székelykeresztúr
      • Törcsvár
      • Ungvár
    • Kingdom of Hungary
      • North
        • Alsómattyasóc
        • Ajnácskő
        • Alsómicsinye
        • Árva
        • Bajmóc
        • Bakabánya
        • Balogvár
        • Barkó
        • Bártfa
        • Beckó, Bolondóc
        • Besztercebánya
        • Betlenfalva
        • Berencsváralja
        • Boldogkő
        • Borsi
        • Borostyánkő (Ballenstein, Paistun)
        • Borostyánkő (Bernstein)
        • Bozók
        • Budatin
        • Csábrág
        • Csejte
        • Csicsva
        • Cseklész
        • Csetnek
        • Dévény
        • Divény
        • Diósgyőr
        • Detrekő castle and the Pálffy palace
        • Drégely
        • Eperjes
        • Érsekújvár
        • Felsőkubin
        • Felsővály
        • Fülek
        • Füzér
        • Garamszentbenedek
        • Gímes
        • Golop
        • Hajdúdorog
        • Hajdúnánás
        • (Hajdú)Szoboszló
        • Holics
        • Hollólomnic
        • Homonna
        • Huszt
        • Illava
        • Kálló
        • Kassa
        • Kékkő
        • Késmárk
        • Kisnána
        • Kisvárda
        • Komárom
        • Korlátkő
        • Korpona
        • Körmöcbánya
        • Krasznahorka and Betlér
        • Léva
        • Likava
        • Lipótújvár
        • Lőcse
        • Murány
        • Nagybiccse
        • Nagyida
        • Nagykövesd
        • Nagyszombat
        • Nedec / Dunajec
        • Nógrád
        • Nyitra
        • Ólubló / Lubló
        • Ónod
        • Osgyán
        • Putnok
        • Revistye
        • Selmecbánya
        • Zsolnalitva
      • West
        • Bátorkő
        • Bozsok
        • Csobánc
        • Csesznek
        • Egervár
        • Fraknó
        • Győr Castle
        • Keszthely
        • Körmend
        • Kőszeg
        • Lánzsér
        • Mosonmagyaróvár
        • Nagyvázsony
        • Németújvár
        • Palota (Várpalota)
        • Pannonhalma
        • Pápa
        • Pozsony
        • Ugod
        • Rezi
        • Sárvár
      • South
        • Babócsa
        • Csáktornya
        • Dobóc
        • Egerszeg, Zalaegerszeg
        • Felsőlendva
        • Hídvég
        • Kereki, Fehérkő castle
        • Komár
        • Sziszek
    • Ottoman Occupied Lands
      • Atya
      • Arad
      • Bács
      • Berzence
      • Boksánbánya, Boksa / Kövesd Castle
      • Buda
      • Buják
      • Bussa
      • Cegléd
      • Csanád
      • Csókakő
      • Csővár
      • Dédes
      • Döbrönte, Szarvaskő
      • Dunaföldvár
      • Dombóvár
      • Eger
      • Erdőd (Erdut)
      • Eszék
      • Esztergom
      • Fonyód
      • Galambóc
      • Gyula
      • Hatvan
      • Hollókő
      • Ipolydamásd
      • Ipolyság
      • Jajca
      • Kanizsa
      • Kaposvár
      • Kecskemét
      • Komlóska, Solymos castle
      • Lippa and Solymos
      • Nándorfehérvár
      • Ozora
      • Pécs
      • Pécsvárad
      • Pest
      • Pétervárad
      • Pozsega
      • Újlak
      • Rednek
      • Pilisszentlélek and Klastrompuszta
      • Salgó
      • Siklós
      • Simontornya
      • Sirok
      • Székesfehérvár
      • Szentlászlóvár
      • Szolnok Castle
      • Vác
      • Visegrád
  • Essays
    • King Matthias Corvinus Series (1443-1490)
      • Origin of King Matthias Corvinus
      • Why is the Hungarian Renaissance not so well-known?
      • The beginning of King Matthias Reign
      • „Delirant Reges, plectunur Achivi” – The people pay for the foolishness of the kings
      • “Non licet in bello bis peccare”: You mustn`t commit the same fault twice in the war
      • Kinizsi Pál, general of King Matthias
      • The size of King Matthias` army
      • The fleet of King Matthias
      • Firearms in the Black Army
      • King Matthias at Boroszló (Wroclaw, Breslau)
      • The wealth of King Matthias
      • King Matthias` duel with Holubar
      • Was King Matthias related to Sultan Mohamed II ?
      • “this king loved his country”
    • Members of the Valiant Order
      • Prince Bocskai István
      • A Hero of the Valiant Order: Varkocs György
      • General Schwendi in Royal Hungary, a German Hero
      • Pálffy Tamás (1534-1581), a Hungarian Hero
      • Hans Rueber von Püchsendorf (1529-1584)
      • Thorny Tamás, a Hungarian hero
      • Berenhidai Huszár Péter, a Hungarian Hero
      • A hero of Buda who was almost hanged
      • Bey Csonka: the Ottoman hero of Buda, 1686
      • Captain John Smith, a Hungarian nobleman
      • Balassi Ferenc
      • Balassi Bálint (1554-1594)
      • Batthyány Ferenc (1497-1566)
      • Lord Perényi Péter, (1502– 1548) – Part One
      • Ferenc, the kidnapped son of Lord Perényi – Part Two
      • The Perényi-story, Part Three
      • Némethi Ferenc (1510-1565) and the wine of Tokaj
      • Andrew Gaudi, the Scot hero of Várad
      • Werbőczi Imre (1510s-1548)
      • János Zadorla, a Slovakian hero of Kassa
      • Magyar Bálint of Palona
      • The Lady with a hook-gun in Buzita Castle
      • Báthory István, King of Poland and Prince of Transylvania (1533-1586)
      • Nyáry Pál (about 1550-1607), the hero of Eger
      • Gregoróczy Vince
      • Kádár István and his Hajdú soldiers, 1658
      • Zrínyi Ádám (1662-1691)
    • Economy
      • The Mining Towns of Upper Hungary
      • The revolution of transportation: the “kocsi” (coach)
      • Salt: the white gold of Hungary
      • Hungarian Grey Cattle
      • The value of Money
    • Nations, peoples, ethnic groups
      • Who were the Turks?
      • Who were the Germans?
      • Who were the Hungarians?
      • Who were the Székelys?
      • Who were the German Saxons in Transylvania?
      • Who were the Habáns, the Swiss immigrants fleeing to Hungary?
      • Who were the Magyarabs?
    • Mercenaries, Western soldiers
      • Italians in the 15-Year-War in Hungary
      • Foreign mercenaries in Hungary
      • Scots on the battlefields of the „Hungaries”
    • Cavalry
      • Dragoons in Hungary
      • Horses of Battle
      • Cavalry Charge and Melee
      • Horses in the Battle of Mohács
    • Famous and Infamous People
      • Albrecht Dürer (1471 -1528) and Hungary
      • Who was Oláh Miklós? (1493-1568)
      • The Zrínyi / Zrinski family and the Habsburgs
      • Lady Báthory Erzsébet (1560-1614)
      • Catherine of Brandenburg, wife of Prince Bethlen
      • Baron Forgách Ferenc
      • Bey Sásvár, the renegade
    • The Hungarian Hajdú warriors
    • Why don’t we like Sultan Suleiman?
    • Hungarian and other proverbs born during the Turk wars
    • Types of soldiers in the “Hungaries” around 1600
    • The Hungarian Knights of the Golden Spur
    • The Ottoman concept of „Kizil Elma”, the „Golden / Red Apple”
    • Ethnic changes in Hungary due to the Ottoman wars
    • The military education of Hunyadi János
  • Spreading Hungarian history
    • Fighting Misconceptions
    • The Hungarians’ role before 1526
    • Between “two pagans”: the Habsburgs and the Ottomans
    • Modern Ottoman propaganda
    • Social media and Hungarian history in English
  • 1372-1490
    • The Ottoman-Hungarian fights before the fall of Szendrő castle in 1439
    • Hunyadi at Szendrő, 1439
    • The rise of Hunyadi János to power, 1440-41
    • Hunyadi’s first large battle against the Turks, 1441
    • Hunyadi defeated two Ottoman armies, 1442
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part one
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part two
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part three
    • Várna, 1444: Were Hunyadi and the King oathbreakers? Part One
    • The road to Várna, 1444; Part Two
    • The Battle of Várna, 1444; Part Three
    • Battle of Kosovo Polje, 1448
    • Why can we hear the bells at noon? 1456
    • The Battle of Breadfield (Kenyérmező) 1479
    • The Doom of the Black Army after 1490
    • General Magyar Balázs saves Otranto in 1481
  • 1490-1541
    • Báthory István defeats the Ottomans at Illádia, 12 October 1512
    • The Battle of Szávaszentdemeter, 1523
    • 13-15 September 1526, the Battle of Pusztamarót
    • A scene from the last days of Kőszeg’ s siege in 1532
    • 19 September 1532, Pasha Kászim’s black day
  • 1541-1699
    • 25 December 1545, the fall of Simontornya castle
    • A general attack against Eger Castle on St. Michael’s Day, 1552
    • 1554: The Turks attack the castles of Tihany and Csobánc
    • The miracle at Görösgál, 1555
    • 1555: Pápa castle was attacked
    • 1556: The fight between “David and Goliath”
    • When Ottomans attacked each other in Hungary, 1558
    • The adolescent murderers of Bey Ibrahim, 1559
    • 1567: the heroic defenders of Felsővadász castle
    • October 1570: the Hungarian Borderland-warriors defeated the Ottomans at Alsóörs
    • Two young Turks who got lost at night, 1570
    • 1571, the last stand of Captain Thury György
    • 1575: the warriors of Kanizsa castle laid a trap
    • 1575: the heroic last stand of the warriors of Fonyód castle
    • 1577, a Christian defeat at Győr castle
    • 1583: the Hungarian warriors of the Valiant Order of Trans-Danubian Region attack Koppány Castle
    • The letter of Zrínyi Miklós in 1664
    • 1585: the duel of Olasz Gergely at Komárom Castle
    • 1587: Nádasdy Ferenc and Zrínyi György’s victory at Kacorlak
    • 1588: the destruction of Endréd Palisade Castle
    • A shameful duel in 1590
    • 18 November 1593; The armies of the Upper Land take Szabatka
    • November 21, 1593, The Hungarians defeated the Turks at Romhány
    • The adventure of a few Hajdú warriors at Vác, 1594
    • 1598: Captain András Barcsai of Lugos Castle defeated Pasha Szulejmán of Temesvár
    • Prince Bocskai had his Hajdús settled, 12/12/1605
    • 1658: Prince György Rákóczi II defeated the Ottoman army
    • The Battle of Szárhegy, 1658
    • 1663: Zrínyi Péter defeated the Ottomans at Károlyváros
    • 18 November 1664: the death of Zrínyi Miklós aka Nicholas Zrínski
    • The Battle of Lugos, 1695
    • The Hajdú warriors in Zrínyi’s Winter Campaign in 1664
    • 1687: the Battle of Nagyharsány
    • Turkish prisoners of war in Buda, 1686
  • Weapons
    • Armors and shields
      • Armors in Topkapi Seray Museum
      • The armors of Emperor and King Maximilian I and II
      • Hussar Helmets on Display in 1896
      • Turk shield
      • A chainmail from 1550
      • The Hungarian Hussar regiments of Cardinal Richelieu, 1635
      • A tombstone of an unknown knight
      • Hungarian Lobster Tail Helmets
      • The tombstone of Swabowszky György
      • Hussar masks
    • Swords and sabers
      • The sword of Charlemagne or the saber of Attila?
      • Ceremonial sword of the Dragon Order
      • Saber (Eastern style)
      • Polish Saber (Hungarian style)
      • Pallos
      • Hegyestőr / estoc / koncerz
      • a Transylvanian dagger, 1540
      • The saber of General Pálffy Miklós (1552-1600)
    • Firearms
      • Strange firearms
      • Saint Borbála and the cannons
      • Pistols, 16th century, Vienna
      • Pistols, 17th century (Vienna)
      • Bayonets in the Hungarian fights
      • Ottoman quiver, bows, and arrows
  • Maps and Regions
    • The First Military Survey of Hungary (1780-84)
    • Map 1750
    • Szepesség
    • The Borderland
  • Dramatized historical writings
    • The Little Rooster’s Diamond Halfpenny
    • Interview with Lord Báthory István
    • Interview with Count Zrínyi Miklós
    • Interview with Cardinal Pázmány Péter
    • Suleiman learns the plot of Queen Isabella
    • Lord Balassa’s victory at Szalka (1544)
    • Interview with Captain Thury György, 1561
    • The Siege of Drégely Castle (1552)
    • The Battle of Palást, 1552
    • The Gypsy warriors of Nagyida Castle (1556)
    • The Duel at Korpona’s Haversack Castle (1588)
    • The White Geese of Léva Castle (1664)
  • Masterpieces of Art
    • Chalice,1462
    • Clasp (Transylvania)
    • Ceramics from the 15-17th centuries
    • The Renaissance bronze candlesticks in Hagia Sophia
    • Hidden treasure found at Likava Castle
    • The destruction of King Saint László’s statue
    • Toy Knights of King Louis II
    • Renaissance Tiles
  • Reenacting History
    • Reenactor clubs
      • The Nádasdy Ferenc Banderium in Sárvár
    • HEMA
      • Interview with Schunder László
    • Clothes and attire
      • Skirt and attached bodice, 17th century
      • The embroidery of Hungarian Lady dresses
      • Mente and Dolman: Hungarian attire
      • Corolla
  • Videos
    • The Siege of Nándorfehérvár / Belgrade, 1456
    • Visegrád, royal palace
    • The Battle of Mohács, 1526
    • The Battle of Zenta, 1697
    • The Ottoman conquest in Europe
    • The reconquest wars of Hungary
  • Chronologies
    • The Fifteen-Year-War Series (1591-1606)
      • The War of Pasha Sinan until 1596
        • The Long War – Part One / the new Borderland
        • The Long War, Part Two / the radius of the war
        • The Long War, Part Three / how it broke out
        • The Long War, Part Four / the military targets
        • The Long War, Part Five / October-November 1593
        • The Long War, Part Six / November-December 1593
        • The Long War, Part Seven / the Battle of Tura, 1594
        • The Long War, Part 13 / Upper Lands, and Transylvania 1595
        • The Long War, Part 14 / Spring-summer, 1596
        • The Long War, Part Eight / Summer 1594, the death of Balassi
        • The Long War, Part Nine / August-October 1594, the sieges of Győr and Komárom
        • The Long War, Part 12 / the second siege of Esztergom
        • The Long War, Part Ten / 1594, Transylvania breaks up with the Sublime Port
        • The Long War, Part 11 / the first clashes in 1595
      • 1596-1600
        • The Long War, Part 15 / 1596: the Fall of Eger
        • The Long War, Part 16 / 1596, The Battle of Mezőkeresztes
        • The long War, Part 17 / the retaking of Tata castle with a “petard”
        • The Long War, Part 18 / Taking Pápa Castle, losing Tata, and the siege of Győr
        • The Long War, Part 19 / the Battle of Vác-Verőce, November 1597
        • The Long War, Part 20 / the retaking of Győr castle, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 21 / the sieges of Buda and Várad castles, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 22; a great Hajdú victory in 1599
        • The Long War, Part 23 / Christian ambushes, 1599
        • The Long War, Part 24/ Troubles in Transylvania, 1596-1599
        • The Long War, Part 27/The mutiny of Walloon mercenaries in Pápa castle, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 25/ The Battle of Miriszló, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 26/ The siege of Kanizsa Castle, 1600
      • 1601-1606
        • The Long War, Part 28 / Battles around Fehérvár, 1601
        • The Long War, Part 29 / 1601, the unsuccessful siege of Kanizsa Castle
        • The Long War, Part 30 / the fall of Székesfehérvár castle in 1602
    • A very short summary of Hungarian-Ottoman wars
    • General chronologies
  • Sources and recommended readings
    • Review: “As Only True Men Can: Nikola Zrinski’s Last Stand at Sziget”
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Hungarian-Ottoman Wars

History Blog by Gábor Szántai

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Pages

  • 1372-1490
    • Battle of Kosovo Polje, 1448
    • General Magyar Balázs saves Otranto in 1481
    • Hunyadi at Szendrő, 1439
    • Hunyadi defeated two Ottoman armies, 1442
    • Hunyadi’s first large battle against the Turks, 1441
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part one
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part three
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part two
    • The Battle of Breadfield (Kenyérmező) 1479
    • The Battle of Várna, 1444; Part Three
    • The Doom of the Black Army after 1490
    • The Ottoman-Hungarian fights before the fall of Szendrő castle in 1439
    • The rise of Hunyadi János to power, 1440-41
    • The road to Várna, 1444; Part Two
    • Várna, 1444: Were Hunyadi and the King oathbreakers? Part One
    • Why can we hear the bells at noon? 1456
  • 1490-1541
    • 13-15 September 1526, the Battle of Pusztamarót
    • 1521: the fall of Szabács, Zimony, and Nándorfehérvár castles
    • 1527 Cserni (aka Black or Nenad) Jován’s uprising
    • 1527 The negotiations of Sir Lasky in Istanbul
    • 19 September 1532, Pasha Kászim’s black day
    • 20 March 1528: a fatal battle at Szina
    • 4 October 1528: the battle of János Karlovics against the Turks
    • A scene from the last days of Kőszeg’ s siege in 1532
    • Báthory István defeats the Ottomans at Illádia, 12 October 1512
    • The Battle of Szávaszentdemeter, 1523
    • The massacre of the citizens of Pécs City, 1526
    • The sieges of Buda and Vienna in 1529
  • 1541-1699
    • 1554: The Turks attack the castles of Tihany and Csobánc
    • 1555: Pápa castle was attacked
    • 1556: The fight between “David and Goliath”
    • 1567: the heroic defenders of Felsővadász castle
    • 1571, the last stand of Captain Thury György
    • 1575: the heroic last stand of the warriors of Fonyód castle
    • 1575: the warriors of Kanizsa castle laid a trap
    • 1577, a Christian defeat at Győr castle
    • 1583: the Hungarian warriors of the Valiant Order of Trans-Danubian Region attack Koppány Castle
    • 1585: the duel of Olasz Gergely at Komárom Castle
    • 1587: Nádasdy Ferenc and Zrínyi György’s victory at Kacorlak
    • 1588: the destruction of Endréd Palisade Castle
    • 1598: Captain András Barcsai of Lugos Castle defeated Pasha Szulejmán of Temesvár
    • 1658: Prince György Rákóczi II defeated the Ottoman army
    • 1663: Zrínyi Péter defeated the Ottomans at Károlyváros
    • 1687: the Battle of Nagyharsány
    • 18 November 1593; The armies of the Upper Land take Szabatka
    • 18 November 1664: the death of Zrínyi Miklós aka Nicholas Zrínski
    • 25 December 1545, the fall of Simontornya castle
    • A general attack against eger Castle on St. Michael’s Day, 1552
    • A shameful duel in 1590
    • German Propaganda Etching, 1581
    • November 21, 1593, The Hungarians defeated the Turks at Romhány
    • October 1570: the Hungarian Borderland-warriors defeated the Ottomans at Alsóörs
    • Prince Bocskai had his Hajdús settled, 12/12/1605
    • Saint Michael’s Day, 29 September 1552: Eger castle
    • The adolescent murderers of Bey Ibrahim, 1559
    • The adventure of a few Hajdú warriors at Vác, 1594
    • The Battle of Lugos, 1695
    • The Battle of Szalánkemén, 1691
    • The Battle of Szárhegy, 1658
    • The letter of Zrínyi Miklós in 1664
    • The miracle at Görösgál, 1555
    • Two young Turks who got lost at night, 1570
    • When Ottomans attacked each other in Hungary, 1558
  • 1596-1600
  • 1601-1606
  • About Me
  • Armors and shields
    • A chainmail from 1550
    • A tombstone of an unknown knight
    • Armors in Topkapi Seray Museum
    • Hungarian armors in the 16th century
    • Hungarian Lobster Tail Helmets
    • Hussar Helmets on Display in 1896
    • Hussar masks
    • The armors of Emperor and King Maximilian I and II
    • The Hungarian Hussar regiments of Cardinal Richelieu, 1635
    • The tombstone of Swabowszky György
    • Turk shield
  • Blog
  • Cart
  • Castles in the “Hungaries”
  • Cavalry
  • Checkout
  • Chronologies
    • The Fifteen-Year-War Series (1591-1606)
      • The Long War, Part 18 / Taking Pápa Castle, losing Tata, and the siege of Győr
      • The Long War – Part One / the new Borderland
      • The Long War, Part 11 / the first clashes in 1595
      • The Long War, Part 12 / the second siege of Esztergom
      • The Long War, Part 13 / Upper Lands, and Transylvania 1595
      • The Long War, Part 14 / Spring-summer, 1596
      • The Long War, Part 15 / 1596: the Fall of Eger
      • The Long War, Part 16 / 1596, The Battle of Mezőkeresztes
      • The long War, Part 17 / the retaking of Tata castle with a “petard”
      • The Long War, Part 19 / the Battle of Vác-Verőce, November 1597
      • The Long War, Part 20 / the retaking of Győr castle, 1598
      • The Long War, Part 21 / the sieges of Buda and Várad castles, 1598
      • The Long War, Part 22; a great Hajdú victory in 1599
      • The Long War, Part 23 / Christian ambushes, 1599
      • The Long War, Part 24/ Troubles in Transylvania, 1596-1599
      • The Long War, Part 25/ The Battle of Miriszló, 1600
      • The Long War, Part 26/ The siege of Kanizsa Castle, 1600
      • The Long War, Part 27/The mutiny of Walloon mercenaries in Pápa castle, 1600
      • The Long War, Part 28 / Battles around Fehérvár, 1601
      • The Long War, Part 29 / 1601, the unsuccessful siege of Kanizsa Castle
      • The Long War, Part 30 / the fall of Székesfehérvár castle in 1602
      • The Long War, Part Eight / Summer 1594, the death of Balassi
      • The Long War, Part Five / October-November 1593
      • The Long War, Part Four / the military targets
      • The Long War, Part Nine / August-October 1594, the sieges of Győr and Komárom
      • The Long War, Part Seven / the Battle of Tura, 1594
      • The Long War, Part Six / November-December 1593
      • The Long War, Part Ten / 1594, Transylvania breaks up with the Sublime Port
      • The Long War, Part Three / how it broke out
      • The Long War, Part Two / the radius of the war
  • Clothes and attire
    • Corolla
    • Mente and Dolman: Hungarian attire
    • Skirt and attached bodice, 17th century
    • The embroidery of Hungarian Lady dresses
  • Donate My Work
  • Dramatized historical writings
    • Interview with Captain Thury György, 1561
    • Interview with Count Zrínyi Miklós
    • Interview with Lord Báthory István
    • Lord Balassa’s victory at Szalka (1544)
    • Suleiman learns the plot of Queen Isabella
    • The Battle of Palást, 1552
    • The Duel at Korpona’s Haversack Castle (1588)
    • The Gypsy warriors of Nagyida Castle (1556)
    • The Little Rooster’s Diamond Halfpenny
    • The Siege of Drégely Castle (1552)
    • The White Geese of Léva Castle (1664)
  • Economy
  • Essays
    • “Non licet in bello bis peccare”: You mustn`t commit the same fault twice in the war
    • “this king loved his country”
    • „Delirant Reges, plectunur Achivi” – The people pay for the foolishness of the kings
    • A hero of Buda who was almost hanged
    • A Hero of the Valiant Order: Varkocs György
    • A very short summary of Hungarian-Ottoman wars
    • After Matthias` reign: the rise of the Fuggers
    • Albrecht Dürer (1471 -1528) and Hungary
    • Andrew Gaudi, the Scot hero of Várad
    • Balassi Bálint (1554-1594)
    • Balassi Ferenc
    • Baron Forgách Ferenc
    • Báthory István, King of Poland and Prince of Transylvania (1533-1586)
    • Batthyány Ferenc (1497-1566)
    • Berenhidai Huszár Péter, a Hungarian Hero
    • Bey Csonka: the Ottoman hero of Buda, 1686
    • Bey Sásvár, the renegade
    • Borbála, the lover of Matthias
    • Captain John Smith, a Hungarian nobleman
    • Catherine of Brandenburg, wife of Prince Bethlen
    • Cavalry Charge and Melee
    • Connections between Matthias and England
    • Dragoons in Hungary
    • Ethnic changes in Hungary due to the Ottoman wars
    • Ferenc, the kidnapped son of Lord Perényi – Part Two
    • Firearms in the Black Army
    • Foreign mercenaries in Hungary
    • Frangepán Kristóf aka Christoph Frankopan/Krsto Frankopan Brinjski
    • General Pálffy Miklós (1552-1600)
    • General Schwendi in Royal Hungary, a German Hero
    • Gregoróczy Vince
    • Hans Rueber von Püchsendorf (1529-1584)
    • Horses in the Battle of Mohács
    • Horses of Battle
    • Hungarian and other proverbs born during the Turk wars
    • Hungarian Grey Cattle
    • Interview with Cardinal Pázmány Péter
    • Italians in the 15-Year-War in Hungary
    • János Zadorla, a Slovakian hero of Kassa
    • Kádár István and his Hajdú soldiers, 1658
    • King Habsburg Ferdinand I of Hungary
    • King Matthias at Boroszló (Wroclaw, Breslau)
    • King Matthias Corvinus (1443-1490)
    • King Matthias Corvinus and Venice
    • King Matthias` duel with Holubar
    • King Szapolyai János of Hungary
    • Kinizsi Pál, general of King Matthias
    • Lady Báthory Erzsébet (1560-1614)
    • Lord Perényi Péter, (1502– 1548) – Part One
    • Magyar Bálint of Palona
    • Members of the Valiant Order
    • Military Orders in King Matthias` time in Hungary /The Order of Dragon
    • Némethi Ferenc (1510-1565) and the wine of Tokaj
    • Nyáry Pál (about 1550-1607), the hero of Eger
    • Origin of King Matthias Corvinus
    • Pálffy Tamás (1534-1581), a Hungarian Hero
    • Prince Bocskai István
    • Salt: the white gold of Hungary
    • Scots on the battlefields of the „Hungaries”
    • Szepesség
    • The beginning of King Matthias Reign
    • The Borderland
    • The fleet of King Matthias
    • The Hajdú warriors in Zrínyi’s Winter Campaign at Pécs in 1664
    • The Hungarian Hajdú warriors
    • The Hungarian Knights of the Golden Spur
    • The king and the Jewish community of Buda
    • The Lady with a hook-gun in Buzita Castle
    • The military education of Hunyadi János
    • The Mining Towns of Upper Hungary
    • The Ottoman concept of „Kizil Elma”, the „Golden / Red Apple”
    • The Perényi-story, Part Three
    • The peril of Demeter Jaksith – a legend from Szerémi`s Chronicle
    • The regulations of Regéc castle 1679
    • The revolution of transportation: the “kocsi” (coach)
    • The size of King Matthias` army
    • The value of Money
    • The wealth of King Matthias
    • The Zrínyi / Zrinski family and the Habsburgs
    • Thorny Tamás, a Hungarian hero
    • Turkish prisoners of war in Buda, 1686
    • Types of soldiers in the “Hungaries” around 1600
    • Was King Matthias related to Sultan Mohamed II ?
    • Werbőczi Imre (1510s-1548)
    • Who was Oláh Miklós? (1493-1568)
    • Who were the German Saxons in Transylvania?
    • Who were the Germans?
    • Who were the Habáns, the Swiss immigrants fleeing to Hungary?
    • Who were the Hungarians?
    • Who were the Magyarabs?
    • Who were the Székelys?
    • Who were the Turks?
    • Why don’t we like Sultan Suleiman?
    • Why is the Hungarian Renaissance not so well-known?
    • Zrínyi Ádám (1662-1691)
  • Famous People
  • Festivals and Tournaments
  • Firearms
    • Bayonets in the Hungarian fights
    • Pistols, 16th century, Vienna
    • Pistols, 17th century (Vienna)
    • Saint Borbála and the cannons
    • Strange firearms
  • General chronologies
  • HEMA
    • Interview with Schunder László
  • Kingdom of Hungary
    • (Hajdú)Szoboszló
    • Ajnácskő
    • Alsómattyasóc
    • Alsómicsinye
    • Árva
    • Babócsa
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    • Balogvár
    • Barkó
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    • Beckó, Bolondóc
    • Berencsváralja
    • Besztercebánya
    • Betlenfalva
    • Boldogkő
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    • Borostyánkő (Bernstein)
    • Borsi
    • Bozók
    • Bozsok
    • Budatin
    • Csábrág
    • Csáktornya
    • Csejte
    • Cseklész
    • Csesznek
    • Csetnek
    • Csicsva
    • Csobánc
    • Detrekő castle and the Pálffy palace
    • Dévény
    • Diósgyőr
    • Divény
    • Dobóc
    • Drégely
    • Egerszeg, Zalaegerszeg
    • Egervár
    • Eperjes
    • Érsekújvár
    • Felsőkubin
    • Felsőlendva
    • Felsővály
    • Fraknó
    • Fülek
    • Füzér
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    • Gímes
    • Golop
    • Győr Castle
    • Hajdúdorog
    • Hajdúnánás
    • Hídvég
    • Holics
    • Hollólomnic
    • Homonna
    • Huszt
    • Illava
    • Ipolydamásd
    • Kálló
    • Kassa
    • Kékkő
    • Kereki, Fehérkő castle
    • Késmárk
    • Keszthely
    • Kisnána
    • Kisvárda
    • Komár
    • Komárom
    • Komlóska, Solymos castle
    • Korlátkő
    • Körmend
    • Körmöcbánya
    • Korpona
    • Kőszeg
    • Krasznahorka and Betlér
    • Lánzsér
    • Léva
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    • Lipótújvár
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    • Murány
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    • Nagyida
    • Nagykövesd
    • Nagyszombat
    • Nagyvázsony
    • Nedec / Dunajec
    • Németújvár
    • Nógrád
    • Nyitra
    • Ólubló / Lubló
    • Ónod
    • Osgyán
    • Ozora
    • Palota (Várpalota)
    • Pannonhalma
    • Pápa
    • Pozsony
    • Putnok
    • Regéc
    • Revistye
    • Rezi
    • Sárvár
    • Selmecbánya
    • Sziszek
    • Ugod
    • Zsolnalitva
  • Maps
    • Map 1750
    • The First Military Survey of Hungary (1780-84)
  • Masterpieces of Art
    • Ceramics from the 15-17th centuries
    • Chalice,1462
    • Clasp (Transylvania)
    • Hidden treasure found at Likava Castle
    • Renaissance Tiles
    • The destruction of King Saint László’s statue
    • The Renaissance bronze candlesticks in Hagia Sophia
    • Toy Knights of King Louis II
  • Mercenaries, Western soldiers
  • My account
  • Nations, peoples, ethnic groups
  • North
  • Ottoman Occupied Lands
    • Arad
    • Atya
    • Bács
    • Berzence
    • Boksánbánya, Boksa / Kövesd Castle
    • Buda
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    • Cegléd
    • Csanád
    • Csókakő
    • Csővár
    • Dédes
    • Döbrönte, Szarvaskő
    • Dombóvár
    • Dunaföldvár
    • Eger
    • Erdőd (Erdut)
    • Eszék
    • Esztergom
    • Fonyód
    • Galambóc
    • Gyula
    • Hatvan
    • Hollókő
    • Ipolyság
    • Jajca
    • Kanizsa
    • Kaposvár
    • Kecskemét
    • Lippa and Solymos
    • Nándorfehérvár
    • Pécs
    • Pécsvárad
    • Pest
    • Pétervárad
    • Pilisszentlélek and Klastrompuszta
    • Pozsega
    • Rednek
    • Salgó
    • Siklós
    • Simontornya
    • Sirok
    • Székesfehérvár
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    • Szolnok Castle
    • Újlak
    • Vác
    • Visegrád
  • Reenacting History
    • Reenactor clubs
      • The Nádasdy Ferenc Banderium in Sárvár
  • Saxon and Székely fortified churches
  • Shop
  • Shop
  • Sources and recommended readings
    • Review: “As Only True Men Can: Nikola Zrinski’s Last Stand at Sziget”
  • South
  • Spreading Hungarian history
    • Between “two pagans”: the Habsburgs and the Ottomans
    • Fighting Misconceptions
    • Modern Ottoman propaganda
    • Social media and Hungarian history in English
    • The Hungarians’ role before 1526
  • Subscribe
  • Swords and sabers
    • a Transylvanian dagger, 1540
    • Ceremonial sword of the Dragon Order
    • Hegyestőr / estoc / koncerz
    • Pallos
    • Polish Saber (Hungarian style)
    • Saber (Eastern style)
    • The saber of General Pálffy Miklós (1552-1600)
    • The sword of Charlemagne or the saber of Attila?
  • The War of Pasha Sinan until 1596
  • This is a history Blog about Hungary, written by Szántai Gábor, launched in October 2019: content is being uploaded
  • Transylvania
    • Abafája
    • Almás / Váralmás castle
    • Alsóbajom
    • Alsórákos
    • Alvinc
    • Aranyosmeggyes
    • Asszonyfalva
    • Bálványos
    • Baráthely, fortified church
    • Barcarozsnyó castle and its fortified church
    • Berethalom
    • Bethlenszentmiklós
    • Bonchida
    • Borosjenő
    • Bözödújfalu
    • Brassó
    • Bún
    • Csíkdelne
    • Csíkkarcfalva
    • Csíkménaság
    • Csíkrákos
    • Csíkszenttamás
    • Csíkszereda
    • Déva
    • Doboka
    • Élesd, Sólyomkővár
    • Enyed / Nagyenyed
    • Erdőd (Ardud)
    • Feketehalom
    • Fogaras
    • Fületelke
    • Gelence
    • Gyalu
    • Gyergyószárhegy
    • Gyergyószentmiklós
    • Gyimesbükk
    • Gyulafehérvár
    • Hadad
    • Homoróddaróc
    • Hunyad
    • Jakabfalva
    • Karánsebes
    • Kelnek
    • Keresd
    • Keresztelőszentpál / Kerelőszentpál
    • Kereszténysziget
    • Kőhalom
    • Kolozsvár
    • Küküllővár
    • Lesses
    • Lugos
    • Marosillye
    • Marosvásárhely
    • Mese
    • Miklósvár
    • Munkács
    • Nagybánya / Asszonypataka
    • Nagyszalonta
    • Nagyvárad
    • Nevicke
    • Nyírbátor
    • Prázsmár
    • Radna and Óradna
    • Sárospatak
    • Sebesvár
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    • Sepsiszentgyörgy
    • Székelykeresztúr
    • Törcsvár
    • Ungvár
  • Videos
    • The Battle of Mohács, 1526
    • The Battle of Zenta, 1697
    • The Ottoman conquest in Europe
    • The reconquest wars of Hungary
    • The Siege of Nándorfehérvár / Belgrade, 1456
    • Visegrád, royal palace
  • Weapons
    • Ottoman quiver, bows, and arrows
  • West
  • About Me
  • Castles in the “Hungaries”
    • Transylvania
      • Saxon and Székely fortified churches
        • Alsóbajom
        • Alsórákos
        • Asszonyfalva
        • Barcarozsnyó castle and its fortified church
        • Baráthely, fortified church
        • Berethalom
        • Csíkdelne
        • Csíkménaság
        • Csíkszenttamás
        • Csíkkarcfalva
        • Csíkrákos
        • Enyed / Nagyenyed
        • Feketehalom
        • Fületelke
        • Gelence
        • Homoróddaróc
        • Jakabfalva
        • Kelnek
        • Kereszténysziget
        • Lesses
        • Mese
        • Miklósvár
        • Prázsmár
        • Sepsiszentgyörgy
      • Alvinc
      • Abafája
      • Almás / Váralmás castle
      • Aranyosmeggyes
      • Bálványos
      • Bonchida
      • Bethlenszentmiklós
      • Borosjenő
      • Bözödújfalu
      • Brassó
      • Bún
      • Csíkszereda
      • Déva
      • Doboka
      • Élesd, Sólyomkővár
      • Erdőd (Ardud)
      • Fogaras
      • Gyalu
      • Gyergyószárhegy
      • Gyergyószentmiklós
      • Gyimesbükk
      • Gyulafehérvár
      • Hadad
      • Hunyad
      • Karánsebes
      • Keresd
      • Keresztelőszentpál / Kerelőszentpál
      • Kolozsvár
      • Kőhalom
      • Küküllővár
      • Lugos
      • Marosillye
      • Marosvásárhely
      • Munkács
      • Nagybánya / Asszonypataka
      • Nagyszalonta
      • Nagyvárad
      • Nevicke
      • Nyírbátor
      • Radna and Óradna
      • Sárospatak
      • Regéc
      • Sebesvár
      • Segesvár
      • Székelykeresztúr
      • Törcsvár
      • Ungvár
    • Kingdom of Hungary
      • North
        • Alsómattyasóc
        • Ajnácskő
        • Alsómicsinye
        • Árva
        • Bajmóc
        • Bakabánya
        • Balogvár
        • Barkó
        • Bártfa
        • Beckó, Bolondóc
        • Besztercebánya
        • Betlenfalva
        • Berencsváralja
        • Boldogkő
        • Borsi
        • Borostyánkő (Ballenstein, Paistun)
        • Borostyánkő (Bernstein)
        • Bozók
        • Budatin
        • Csábrág
        • Csejte
        • Csicsva
        • Cseklész
        • Csetnek
        • Dévény
        • Divény
        • Diósgyőr
        • Detrekő castle and the Pálffy palace
        • Drégely
        • Eperjes
        • Érsekújvár
        • Felsőkubin
        • Felsővály
        • Fülek
        • Füzér
        • Garamszentbenedek
        • Gímes
        • Golop
        • Hajdúdorog
        • Hajdúnánás
        • (Hajdú)Szoboszló
        • Holics
        • Hollólomnic
        • Homonna
        • Huszt
        • Illava
        • Kálló
        • Kassa
        • Kékkő
        • Késmárk
        • Kisnána
        • Kisvárda
        • Komárom
        • Korlátkő
        • Korpona
        • Körmöcbánya
        • Krasznahorka and Betlér
        • Léva
        • Likava
        • Lipótújvár
        • Lőcse
        • Murány
        • Nagybiccse
        • Nagyida
        • Nagykövesd
        • Nagyszombat
        • Nedec / Dunajec
        • Nógrád
        • Nyitra
        • Ólubló / Lubló
        • Ónod
        • Osgyán
        • Putnok
        • Revistye
        • Selmecbánya
        • Zsolnalitva
      • West
        • Bátorkő
        • Bozsok
        • Csobánc
        • Csesznek
        • Egervár
        • Fraknó
        • Győr Castle
        • Keszthely
        • Körmend
        • Kőszeg
        • Lánzsér
        • Mosonmagyaróvár
        • Nagyvázsony
        • Németújvár
        • Palota (Várpalota)
        • Pannonhalma
        • Pápa
        • Pozsony
        • Ugod
        • Rezi
        • Sárvár
      • South
        • Babócsa
        • Csáktornya
        • Dobóc
        • Egerszeg, Zalaegerszeg
        • Felsőlendva
        • Hídvég
        • Kereki, Fehérkő castle
        • Komár
        • Sziszek
    • Ottoman Occupied Lands
      • Atya
      • Arad
      • Bács
      • Berzence
      • Boksánbánya, Boksa / Kövesd Castle
      • Buda
      • Buják
      • Bussa
      • Cegléd
      • Csanád
      • Csókakő
      • Csővár
      • Dédes
      • Döbrönte, Szarvaskő
      • Dunaföldvár
      • Dombóvár
      • Eger
      • Erdőd (Erdut)
      • Eszék
      • Esztergom
      • Fonyód
      • Galambóc
      • Gyula
      • Hatvan
      • Hollókő
      • Ipolydamásd
      • Ipolyság
      • Jajca
      • Kanizsa
      • Kaposvár
      • Kecskemét
      • Komlóska, Solymos castle
      • Lippa and Solymos
      • Nándorfehérvár
      • Ozora
      • Pécs
      • Pécsvárad
      • Pest
      • Pétervárad
      • Pozsega
      • Újlak
      • Rednek
      • Pilisszentlélek and Klastrompuszta
      • Salgó
      • Siklós
      • Simontornya
      • Sirok
      • Székesfehérvár
      • Szentlászlóvár
      • Szolnok Castle
      • Vác
      • Visegrád
  • Essays
    • King Matthias Corvinus Series (1443-1490)
      • Origin of King Matthias Corvinus
      • Why is the Hungarian Renaissance not so well-known?
      • The beginning of King Matthias Reign
      • „Delirant Reges, plectunur Achivi” – The people pay for the foolishness of the kings
      • “Non licet in bello bis peccare”: You mustn`t commit the same fault twice in the war
      • Kinizsi Pál, general of King Matthias
      • The size of King Matthias` army
      • The fleet of King Matthias
      • Firearms in the Black Army
      • King Matthias at Boroszló (Wroclaw, Breslau)
      • The wealth of King Matthias
      • King Matthias` duel with Holubar
      • Was King Matthias related to Sultan Mohamed II ?
      • “this king loved his country”
    • Members of the Valiant Order
      • Prince Bocskai István
      • A Hero of the Valiant Order: Varkocs György
      • General Schwendi in Royal Hungary, a German Hero
      • Pálffy Tamás (1534-1581), a Hungarian Hero
      • Hans Rueber von Püchsendorf (1529-1584)
      • Thorny Tamás, a Hungarian hero
      • Berenhidai Huszár Péter, a Hungarian Hero
      • A hero of Buda who was almost hanged
      • Bey Csonka: the Ottoman hero of Buda, 1686
      • Captain John Smith, a Hungarian nobleman
      • Balassi Ferenc
      • Balassi Bálint (1554-1594)
      • Batthyány Ferenc (1497-1566)
      • Lord Perényi Péter, (1502– 1548) – Part One
      • Ferenc, the kidnapped son of Lord Perényi – Part Two
      • The Perényi-story, Part Three
      • Némethi Ferenc (1510-1565) and the wine of Tokaj
      • Andrew Gaudi, the Scot hero of Várad
      • Werbőczi Imre (1510s-1548)
      • János Zadorla, a Slovakian hero of Kassa
      • Magyar Bálint of Palona
      • The Lady with a hook-gun in Buzita Castle
      • Báthory István, King of Poland and Prince of Transylvania (1533-1586)
      • Nyáry Pál (about 1550-1607), the hero of Eger
      • Gregoróczy Vince
      • Kádár István and his Hajdú soldiers, 1658
      • Zrínyi Ádám (1662-1691)
    • Economy
      • The Mining Towns of Upper Hungary
      • The revolution of transportation: the “kocsi” (coach)
      • Salt: the white gold of Hungary
      • Hungarian Grey Cattle
      • The value of Money
    • Nations, peoples, ethnic groups
      • Who were the Turks?
      • Who were the Germans?
      • Who were the Hungarians?
      • Who were the Székelys?
      • Who were the German Saxons in Transylvania?
      • Who were the Habáns, the Swiss immigrants fleeing to Hungary?
      • Who were the Magyarabs?
    • Mercenaries, Western soldiers
      • Italians in the 15-Year-War in Hungary
      • Foreign mercenaries in Hungary
      • Scots on the battlefields of the „Hungaries”
    • Cavalry
      • Dragoons in Hungary
      • Horses of Battle
      • Cavalry Charge and Melee
      • Horses in the Battle of Mohács
    • Famous and Infamous People
      • Albrecht Dürer (1471 -1528) and Hungary
      • Who was Oláh Miklós? (1493-1568)
      • The Zrínyi / Zrinski family and the Habsburgs
      • Lady Báthory Erzsébet (1560-1614)
      • Catherine of Brandenburg, wife of Prince Bethlen
      • Baron Forgách Ferenc
      • Bey Sásvár, the renegade
    • The Hungarian Hajdú warriors
    • Why don’t we like Sultan Suleiman?
    • Hungarian and other proverbs born during the Turk wars
    • Types of soldiers in the “Hungaries” around 1600
    • The Hungarian Knights of the Golden Spur
    • The Ottoman concept of „Kizil Elma”, the „Golden / Red Apple”
    • Ethnic changes in Hungary due to the Ottoman wars
    • The military education of Hunyadi János
  • Spreading Hungarian history
    • Fighting Misconceptions
    • The Hungarians’ role before 1526
    • Between “two pagans”: the Habsburgs and the Ottomans
    • Modern Ottoman propaganda
    • Social media and Hungarian history in English
  • 1372-1490
    • The Ottoman-Hungarian fights before the fall of Szendrő castle in 1439
    • Hunyadi at Szendrő, 1439
    • The rise of Hunyadi János to power, 1440-41
    • Hunyadi’s first large battle against the Turks, 1441
    • Hunyadi defeated two Ottoman armies, 1442
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part one
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part two
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part three
    • Várna, 1444: Were Hunyadi and the King oathbreakers? Part One
    • The road to Várna, 1444; Part Two
    • The Battle of Várna, 1444; Part Three
    • Battle of Kosovo Polje, 1448
    • Why can we hear the bells at noon? 1456
    • The Battle of Breadfield (Kenyérmező) 1479
    • The Doom of the Black Army after 1490
    • General Magyar Balázs saves Otranto in 1481
  • 1490-1541
    • Báthory István defeats the Ottomans at Illádia, 12 October 1512
    • The Battle of Szávaszentdemeter, 1523
    • 13-15 September 1526, the Battle of Pusztamarót
    • A scene from the last days of Kőszeg’ s siege in 1532
    • 19 September 1532, Pasha Kászim’s black day
  • 1541-1699
    • 25 December 1545, the fall of Simontornya castle
    • A general attack against Eger Castle on St. Michael’s Day, 1552
    • 1554: The Turks attack the castles of Tihany and Csobánc
    • The miracle at Görösgál, 1555
    • 1555: Pápa castle was attacked
    • 1556: The fight between “David and Goliath”
    • When Ottomans attacked each other in Hungary, 1558
    • The adolescent murderers of Bey Ibrahim, 1559
    • 1567: the heroic defenders of Felsővadász castle
    • October 1570: the Hungarian Borderland-warriors defeated the Ottomans at Alsóörs
    • Two young Turks who got lost at night, 1570
    • 1571, the last stand of Captain Thury György
    • 1575: the warriors of Kanizsa castle laid a trap
    • 1575: the heroic last stand of the warriors of Fonyód castle
    • 1577, a Christian defeat at Győr castle
    • 1583: the Hungarian warriors of the Valiant Order of Trans-Danubian Region attack Koppány Castle
    • The letter of Zrínyi Miklós in 1664
    • 1585: the duel of Olasz Gergely at Komárom Castle
    • 1587: Nádasdy Ferenc and Zrínyi György’s victory at Kacorlak
    • 1588: the destruction of Endréd Palisade Castle
    • A shameful duel in 1590
    • 18 November 1593; The armies of the Upper Land take Szabatka
    • November 21, 1593, The Hungarians defeated the Turks at Romhány
    • The adventure of a few Hajdú warriors at Vác, 1594
    • 1598: Captain András Barcsai of Lugos Castle defeated Pasha Szulejmán of Temesvár
    • Prince Bocskai had his Hajdús settled, 12/12/1605
    • 1658: Prince György Rákóczi II defeated the Ottoman army
    • The Battle of Szárhegy, 1658
    • 1663: Zrínyi Péter defeated the Ottomans at Károlyváros
    • 18 November 1664: the death of Zrínyi Miklós aka Nicholas Zrínski
    • The Battle of Lugos, 1695
    • The Hajdú warriors in Zrínyi’s Winter Campaign in 1664
    • 1687: the Battle of Nagyharsány
    • Turkish prisoners of war in Buda, 1686
  • Weapons
    • Armors and shields
      • Armors in Topkapi Seray Museum
      • The armors of Emperor and King Maximilian I and II
      • Hussar Helmets on Display in 1896
      • Turk shield
      • A chainmail from 1550
      • The Hungarian Hussar regiments of Cardinal Richelieu, 1635
      • A tombstone of an unknown knight
      • Hungarian Lobster Tail Helmets
      • The tombstone of Swabowszky György
      • Hussar masks
    • Swords and sabers
      • The sword of Charlemagne or the saber of Attila?
      • Ceremonial sword of the Dragon Order
      • Saber (Eastern style)
      • Polish Saber (Hungarian style)
      • Pallos
      • Hegyestőr / estoc / koncerz
      • a Transylvanian dagger, 1540
      • The saber of General Pálffy Miklós (1552-1600)
    • Firearms
      • Strange firearms
      • Saint Borbála and the cannons
      • Pistols, 16th century, Vienna
      • Pistols, 17th century (Vienna)
      • Bayonets in the Hungarian fights
      • Ottoman quiver, bows, and arrows
  • Maps and Regions
    • The First Military Survey of Hungary (1780-84)
    • Map 1750
    • Szepesség
    • The Borderland
  • Dramatized historical writings
    • The Little Rooster’s Diamond Halfpenny
    • Interview with Lord Báthory István
    • Interview with Count Zrínyi Miklós
    • Interview with Cardinal Pázmány Péter
    • Suleiman learns the plot of Queen Isabella
    • Lord Balassa’s victory at Szalka (1544)
    • Interview with Captain Thury György, 1561
    • The Siege of Drégely Castle (1552)
    • The Battle of Palást, 1552
    • The Gypsy warriors of Nagyida Castle (1556)
    • The Duel at Korpona’s Haversack Castle (1588)
    • The White Geese of Léva Castle (1664)
  • Masterpieces of Art
    • Chalice,1462
    • Clasp (Transylvania)
    • Ceramics from the 15-17th centuries
    • The Renaissance bronze candlesticks in Hagia Sophia
    • Hidden treasure found at Likava Castle
    • The destruction of King Saint László’s statue
    • Toy Knights of King Louis II
    • Renaissance Tiles
  • Reenacting History
    • Reenactor clubs
      • The Nádasdy Ferenc Banderium in Sárvár
    • HEMA
      • Interview with Schunder László
    • Clothes and attire
      • Skirt and attached bodice, 17th century
      • The embroidery of Hungarian Lady dresses
      • Mente and Dolman: Hungarian attire
      • Corolla
  • Videos
    • The Siege of Nándorfehérvár / Belgrade, 1456
    • Visegrád, royal palace
    • The Battle of Mohács, 1526
    • The Battle of Zenta, 1697
    • The Ottoman conquest in Europe
    • The reconquest wars of Hungary
  • Chronologies
    • The Fifteen-Year-War Series (1591-1606)
      • The War of Pasha Sinan until 1596
        • The Long War – Part One / the new Borderland
        • The Long War, Part Two / the radius of the war
        • The Long War, Part Three / how it broke out
        • The Long War, Part Four / the military targets
        • The Long War, Part Five / October-November 1593
        • The Long War, Part Six / November-December 1593
        • The Long War, Part Seven / the Battle of Tura, 1594
        • The Long War, Part 13 / Upper Lands, and Transylvania 1595
        • The Long War, Part 14 / Spring-summer, 1596
        • The Long War, Part Eight / Summer 1594, the death of Balassi
        • The Long War, Part Nine / August-October 1594, the sieges of Győr and Komárom
        • The Long War, Part 12 / the second siege of Esztergom
        • The Long War, Part Ten / 1594, Transylvania breaks up with the Sublime Port
        • The Long War, Part 11 / the first clashes in 1595
      • 1596-1600
        • The Long War, Part 15 / 1596: the Fall of Eger
        • The Long War, Part 16 / 1596, The Battle of Mezőkeresztes
        • The long War, Part 17 / the retaking of Tata castle with a “petard”
        • The Long War, Part 18 / Taking Pápa Castle, losing Tata, and the siege of Győr
        • The Long War, Part 19 / the Battle of Vác-Verőce, November 1597
        • The Long War, Part 20 / the retaking of Győr castle, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 21 / the sieges of Buda and Várad castles, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 22; a great Hajdú victory in 1599
        • The Long War, Part 23 / Christian ambushes, 1599
        • The Long War, Part 24/ Troubles in Transylvania, 1596-1599
        • The Long War, Part 27/The mutiny of Walloon mercenaries in Pápa castle, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 25/ The Battle of Miriszló, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 26/ The siege of Kanizsa Castle, 1600
      • 1601-1606
        • The Long War, Part 28 / Battles around Fehérvár, 1601
        • The Long War, Part 29 / 1601, the unsuccessful siege of Kanizsa Castle
        • The Long War, Part 30 / the fall of Székesfehérvár castle in 1602
    • A very short summary of Hungarian-Ottoman wars
    • General chronologies
  • Sources and recommended readings
    • Review: “As Only True Men Can: Nikola Zrinski’s Last Stand at Sziget”
  • Shop
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  • About Me
  • Castles in the “Hungaries”
    • Transylvania
      • Saxon and Székely fortified churches
        • Alsóbajom
        • Alsórákos
        • Asszonyfalva
        • Barcarozsnyó castle and its fortified church
        • Baráthely, fortified church
        • Berethalom
        • Csíkdelne
        • Csíkménaság
        • Csíkszenttamás
        • Csíkkarcfalva
        • Csíkrákos
        • Enyed / Nagyenyed
        • Feketehalom
        • Fületelke
        • Gelence
        • Homoróddaróc
        • Jakabfalva
        • Kelnek
        • Kereszténysziget
        • Lesses
        • Mese
        • Miklósvár
        • Prázsmár
        • Sepsiszentgyörgy
      • Alvinc
      • Abafája
      • Almás / Váralmás castle
      • Aranyosmeggyes
      • Bálványos
      • Bonchida
      • Bethlenszentmiklós
      • Borosjenő
      • Bözödújfalu
      • Brassó
      • Bún
      • Csíkszereda
      • Déva
      • Doboka
      • Élesd, Sólyomkővár
      • Erdőd (Ardud)
      • Fogaras
      • Gyalu
      • Gyergyószárhegy
      • Gyergyószentmiklós
      • Gyimesbükk
      • Gyulafehérvár
      • Hadad
      • Hunyad
      • Karánsebes
      • Keresd
      • Keresztelőszentpál / Kerelőszentpál
      • Kolozsvár
      • Kőhalom
      • Küküllővár
      • Lugos
      • Marosillye
      • Marosvásárhely
      • Munkács
      • Nagybánya / Asszonypataka
      • Nagyszalonta
      • Nagyvárad
      • Nevicke
      • Nyírbátor
      • Radna and Óradna
      • Sárospatak
      • Regéc
      • Sebesvár
      • Segesvár
      • Székelykeresztúr
      • Törcsvár
      • Ungvár
    • Kingdom of Hungary
      • North
        • Alsómattyasóc
        • Ajnácskő
        • Alsómicsinye
        • Árva
        • Bajmóc
        • Bakabánya
        • Balogvár
        • Barkó
        • Bártfa
        • Beckó, Bolondóc
        • Besztercebánya
        • Betlenfalva
        • Berencsváralja
        • Boldogkő
        • Borsi
        • Borostyánkő (Ballenstein, Paistun)
        • Borostyánkő (Bernstein)
        • Bozók
        • Budatin
        • Csábrág
        • Csejte
        • Csicsva
        • Cseklész
        • Csetnek
        • Dévény
        • Divény
        • Diósgyőr
        • Detrekő castle and the Pálffy palace
        • Drégely
        • Eperjes
        • Érsekújvár
        • Felsőkubin
        • Felsővály
        • Fülek
        • Füzér
        • Garamszentbenedek
        • Gímes
        • Golop
        • Hajdúdorog
        • Hajdúnánás
        • (Hajdú)Szoboszló
        • Holics
        • Hollólomnic
        • Homonna
        • Huszt
        • Illava
        • Kálló
        • Kassa
        • Kékkő
        • Késmárk
        • Kisnána
        • Kisvárda
        • Komárom
        • Korlátkő
        • Korpona
        • Körmöcbánya
        • Krasznahorka and Betlér
        • Léva
        • Likava
        • Lipótújvár
        • Lőcse
        • Murány
        • Nagybiccse
        • Nagyida
        • Nagykövesd
        • Nagyszombat
        • Nedec / Dunajec
        • Nógrád
        • Nyitra
        • Ólubló / Lubló
        • Ónod
        • Osgyán
        • Putnok
        • Revistye
        • Selmecbánya
        • Zsolnalitva
      • West
        • Bátorkő
        • Bozsok
        • Csobánc
        • Csesznek
        • Egervár
        • Fraknó
        • Győr Castle
        • Keszthely
        • Körmend
        • Kőszeg
        • Lánzsér
        • Mosonmagyaróvár
        • Nagyvázsony
        • Németújvár
        • Palota (Várpalota)
        • Pannonhalma
        • Pápa
        • Pozsony
        • Ugod
        • Rezi
        • Sárvár
      • South
        • Babócsa
        • Csáktornya
        • Dobóc
        • Egerszeg, Zalaegerszeg
        • Felsőlendva
        • Hídvég
        • Kereki, Fehérkő castle
        • Komár
        • Sziszek
    • Ottoman Occupied Lands
      • Atya
      • Arad
      • Bács
      • Berzence
      • Boksánbánya, Boksa / Kövesd Castle
      • Buda
      • Buják
      • Bussa
      • Cegléd
      • Csanád
      • Csókakő
      • Csővár
      • Dédes
      • Döbrönte, Szarvaskő
      • Dunaföldvár
      • Dombóvár
      • Eger
      • Erdőd (Erdut)
      • Eszék
      • Esztergom
      • Fonyód
      • Galambóc
      • Gyula
      • Hatvan
      • Hollókő
      • Ipolydamásd
      • Ipolyság
      • Jajca
      • Kanizsa
      • Kaposvár
      • Kecskemét
      • Komlóska, Solymos castle
      • Lippa and Solymos
      • Nándorfehérvár
      • Ozora
      • Pécs
      • Pécsvárad
      • Pest
      • Pétervárad
      • Pozsega
      • Újlak
      • Rednek
      • Pilisszentlélek and Klastrompuszta
      • Salgó
      • Siklós
      • Simontornya
      • Sirok
      • Székesfehérvár
      • Szentlászlóvár
      • Szolnok Castle
      • Vác
      • Visegrád
  • Essays
    • King Matthias Corvinus Series (1443-1490)
      • Origin of King Matthias Corvinus
      • Why is the Hungarian Renaissance not so well-known?
      • The beginning of King Matthias Reign
      • „Delirant Reges, plectunur Achivi” – The people pay for the foolishness of the kings
      • “Non licet in bello bis peccare”: You mustn`t commit the same fault twice in the war
      • Kinizsi Pál, general of King Matthias
      • The size of King Matthias` army
      • The fleet of King Matthias
      • Firearms in the Black Army
      • King Matthias at Boroszló (Wroclaw, Breslau)
      • The wealth of King Matthias
      • King Matthias` duel with Holubar
      • Was King Matthias related to Sultan Mohamed II ?
      • “this king loved his country”
    • Members of the Valiant Order
      • Prince Bocskai István
      • A Hero of the Valiant Order: Varkocs György
      • General Schwendi in Royal Hungary, a German Hero
      • Pálffy Tamás (1534-1581), a Hungarian Hero
      • Hans Rueber von Püchsendorf (1529-1584)
      • Thorny Tamás, a Hungarian hero
      • Berenhidai Huszár Péter, a Hungarian Hero
      • A hero of Buda who was almost hanged
      • Bey Csonka: the Ottoman hero of Buda, 1686
      • Captain John Smith, a Hungarian nobleman
      • Balassi Ferenc
      • Balassi Bálint (1554-1594)
      • Batthyány Ferenc (1497-1566)
      • Lord Perényi Péter, (1502– 1548) – Part One
      • Ferenc, the kidnapped son of Lord Perényi – Part Two
      • The Perényi-story, Part Three
      • Némethi Ferenc (1510-1565) and the wine of Tokaj
      • Andrew Gaudi, the Scot hero of Várad
      • Werbőczi Imre (1510s-1548)
      • János Zadorla, a Slovakian hero of Kassa
      • Magyar Bálint of Palona
      • The Lady with a hook-gun in Buzita Castle
      • Báthory István, King of Poland and Prince of Transylvania (1533-1586)
      • Nyáry Pál (about 1550-1607), the hero of Eger
      • Gregoróczy Vince
      • Kádár István and his Hajdú soldiers, 1658
      • Zrínyi Ádám (1662-1691)
    • Economy
      • The Mining Towns of Upper Hungary
      • The revolution of transportation: the “kocsi” (coach)
      • Salt: the white gold of Hungary
      • Hungarian Grey Cattle
      • The value of Money
    • Nations, peoples, ethnic groups
      • Who were the Turks?
      • Who were the Germans?
      • Who were the Hungarians?
      • Who were the Székelys?
      • Who were the German Saxons in Transylvania?
      • Who were the Habáns, the Swiss immigrants fleeing to Hungary?
      • Who were the Magyarabs?
    • Mercenaries, Western soldiers
      • Italians in the 15-Year-War in Hungary
      • Foreign mercenaries in Hungary
      • Scots on the battlefields of the „Hungaries”
    • Cavalry
      • Dragoons in Hungary
      • Horses of Battle
      • Cavalry Charge and Melee
      • Horses in the Battle of Mohács
    • Famous and Infamous People
      • Albrecht Dürer (1471 -1528) and Hungary
      • Who was Oláh Miklós? (1493-1568)
      • The Zrínyi / Zrinski family and the Habsburgs
      • Lady Báthory Erzsébet (1560-1614)
      • Catherine of Brandenburg, wife of Prince Bethlen
      • Baron Forgách Ferenc
      • Bey Sásvár, the renegade
    • The Hungarian Hajdú warriors
    • Why don’t we like Sultan Suleiman?
    • Hungarian and other proverbs born during the Turk wars
    • Types of soldiers in the “Hungaries” around 1600
    • The Hungarian Knights of the Golden Spur
    • The Ottoman concept of „Kizil Elma”, the „Golden / Red Apple”
    • Ethnic changes in Hungary due to the Ottoman wars
    • The military education of Hunyadi János
  • Spreading Hungarian history
    • Fighting Misconceptions
    • The Hungarians’ role before 1526
    • Between “two pagans”: the Habsburgs and the Ottomans
    • Modern Ottoman propaganda
    • Social media and Hungarian history in English
  • 1372-1490
    • The Ottoman-Hungarian fights before the fall of Szendrő castle in 1439
    • Hunyadi at Szendrő, 1439
    • The rise of Hunyadi János to power, 1440-41
    • Hunyadi’s first large battle against the Turks, 1441
    • Hunyadi defeated two Ottoman armies, 1442
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part one
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part two
    • Hunyadi’s Long Campaign in 1443-44, part three
    • Várna, 1444: Were Hunyadi and the King oathbreakers? Part One
    • The road to Várna, 1444; Part Two
    • The Battle of Várna, 1444; Part Three
    • Battle of Kosovo Polje, 1448
    • Why can we hear the bells at noon? 1456
    • The Battle of Breadfield (Kenyérmező) 1479
    • The Doom of the Black Army after 1490
    • General Magyar Balázs saves Otranto in 1481
  • 1490-1541
    • Báthory István defeats the Ottomans at Illádia, 12 October 1512
    • The Battle of Szávaszentdemeter, 1523
    • 13-15 September 1526, the Battle of Pusztamarót
    • A scene from the last days of Kőszeg’ s siege in 1532
    • 19 September 1532, Pasha Kászim’s black day
  • 1541-1699
    • 25 December 1545, the fall of Simontornya castle
    • A general attack against Eger Castle on St. Michael’s Day, 1552
    • 1554: The Turks attack the castles of Tihany and Csobánc
    • The miracle at Görösgál, 1555
    • 1555: Pápa castle was attacked
    • 1556: The fight between “David and Goliath”
    • When Ottomans attacked each other in Hungary, 1558
    • The adolescent murderers of Bey Ibrahim, 1559
    • 1567: the heroic defenders of Felsővadász castle
    • October 1570: the Hungarian Borderland-warriors defeated the Ottomans at Alsóörs
    • Two young Turks who got lost at night, 1570
    • 1571, the last stand of Captain Thury György
    • 1575: the warriors of Kanizsa castle laid a trap
    • 1575: the heroic last stand of the warriors of Fonyód castle
    • 1577, a Christian defeat at Győr castle
    • 1583: the Hungarian warriors of the Valiant Order of Trans-Danubian Region attack Koppány Castle
    • The letter of Zrínyi Miklós in 1664
    • 1585: the duel of Olasz Gergely at Komárom Castle
    • 1587: Nádasdy Ferenc and Zrínyi György’s victory at Kacorlak
    • 1588: the destruction of Endréd Palisade Castle
    • A shameful duel in 1590
    • 18 November 1593; The armies of the Upper Land take Szabatka
    • November 21, 1593, The Hungarians defeated the Turks at Romhány
    • The adventure of a few Hajdú warriors at Vác, 1594
    • 1598: Captain András Barcsai of Lugos Castle defeated Pasha Szulejmán of Temesvár
    • Prince Bocskai had his Hajdús settled, 12/12/1605
    • 1658: Prince György Rákóczi II defeated the Ottoman army
    • The Battle of Szárhegy, 1658
    • 1663: Zrínyi Péter defeated the Ottomans at Károlyváros
    • 18 November 1664: the death of Zrínyi Miklós aka Nicholas Zrínski
    • The Battle of Lugos, 1695
    • The Hajdú warriors in Zrínyi’s Winter Campaign in 1664
    • 1687: the Battle of Nagyharsány
    • Turkish prisoners of war in Buda, 1686
  • Weapons
    • Armors and shields
      • Armors in Topkapi Seray Museum
      • The armors of Emperor and King Maximilian I and II
      • Hussar Helmets on Display in 1896
      • Turk shield
      • A chainmail from 1550
      • The Hungarian Hussar regiments of Cardinal Richelieu, 1635
      • A tombstone of an unknown knight
      • Hungarian Lobster Tail Helmets
      • The tombstone of Swabowszky György
      • Hussar masks
    • Swords and sabers
      • The sword of Charlemagne or the saber of Attila?
      • Ceremonial sword of the Dragon Order
      • Saber (Eastern style)
      • Polish Saber (Hungarian style)
      • Pallos
      • Hegyestőr / estoc / koncerz
      • a Transylvanian dagger, 1540
      • The saber of General Pálffy Miklós (1552-1600)
    • Firearms
      • Strange firearms
      • Saint Borbála and the cannons
      • Pistols, 16th century, Vienna
      • Pistols, 17th century (Vienna)
      • Bayonets in the Hungarian fights
      • Ottoman quiver, bows, and arrows
  • Maps and Regions
    • The First Military Survey of Hungary (1780-84)
    • Map 1750
    • Szepesség
    • The Borderland
  • Dramatized historical writings
    • The Little Rooster’s Diamond Halfpenny
    • Interview with Lord Báthory István
    • Interview with Count Zrínyi Miklós
    • Interview with Cardinal Pázmány Péter
    • Suleiman learns the plot of Queen Isabella
    • Lord Balassa’s victory at Szalka (1544)
    • Interview with Captain Thury György, 1561
    • The Siege of Drégely Castle (1552)
    • The Battle of Palást, 1552
    • The Gypsy warriors of Nagyida Castle (1556)
    • The Duel at Korpona’s Haversack Castle (1588)
    • The White Geese of Léva Castle (1664)
  • Masterpieces of Art
    • Chalice,1462
    • Clasp (Transylvania)
    • Ceramics from the 15-17th centuries
    • The Renaissance bronze candlesticks in Hagia Sophia
    • Hidden treasure found at Likava Castle
    • The destruction of King Saint László’s statue
    • Toy Knights of King Louis II
    • Renaissance Tiles
  • Reenacting History
    • Reenactor clubs
      • The Nádasdy Ferenc Banderium in Sárvár
    • HEMA
      • Interview with Schunder László
    • Clothes and attire
      • Skirt and attached bodice, 17th century
      • The embroidery of Hungarian Lady dresses
      • Mente and Dolman: Hungarian attire
      • Corolla
  • Videos
    • The Siege of Nándorfehérvár / Belgrade, 1456
    • Visegrád, royal palace
    • The Battle of Mohács, 1526
    • The Battle of Zenta, 1697
    • The Ottoman conquest in Europe
    • The reconquest wars of Hungary
  • Chronologies
    • The Fifteen-Year-War Series (1591-1606)
      • The War of Pasha Sinan until 1596
        • The Long War – Part One / the new Borderland
        • The Long War, Part Two / the radius of the war
        • The Long War, Part Three / how it broke out
        • The Long War, Part Four / the military targets
        • The Long War, Part Five / October-November 1593
        • The Long War, Part Six / November-December 1593
        • The Long War, Part Seven / the Battle of Tura, 1594
        • The Long War, Part 13 / Upper Lands, and Transylvania 1595
        • The Long War, Part 14 / Spring-summer, 1596
        • The Long War, Part Eight / Summer 1594, the death of Balassi
        • The Long War, Part Nine / August-October 1594, the sieges of Győr and Komárom
        • The Long War, Part 12 / the second siege of Esztergom
        • The Long War, Part Ten / 1594, Transylvania breaks up with the Sublime Port
        • The Long War, Part 11 / the first clashes in 1595
      • 1596-1600
        • The Long War, Part 15 / 1596: the Fall of Eger
        • The Long War, Part 16 / 1596, The Battle of Mezőkeresztes
        • The long War, Part 17 / the retaking of Tata castle with a “petard”
        • The Long War, Part 18 / Taking Pápa Castle, losing Tata, and the siege of Győr
        • The Long War, Part 19 / the Battle of Vác-Verőce, November 1597
        • The Long War, Part 20 / the retaking of Győr castle, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 21 / the sieges of Buda and Várad castles, 1598
        • The Long War, Part 22; a great Hajdú victory in 1599
        • The Long War, Part 23 / Christian ambushes, 1599
        • The Long War, Part 24/ Troubles in Transylvania, 1596-1599
        • The Long War, Part 27/The mutiny of Walloon mercenaries in Pápa castle, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 25/ The Battle of Miriszló, 1600
        • The Long War, Part 26/ The siege of Kanizsa Castle, 1600
      • 1601-1606
        • The Long War, Part 28 / Battles around Fehérvár, 1601
        • The Long War, Part 29 / 1601, the unsuccessful siege of Kanizsa Castle
        • The Long War, Part 30 / the fall of Székesfehérvár castle in 1602
    • A very short summary of Hungarian-Ottoman wars
    • General chronologies
  • Sources and recommended readings
    • Review: “As Only True Men Can: Nikola Zrinski’s Last Stand at Sziget”
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